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eGospodarka.plPrawoGrupypl.soc.prawoProblem z zakładem energetycznym
Ilość wypowiedzi w tym wątku: 6

  • 1. Data: 2006-12-09 14:21:21
    Temat: Problem z zakładem energetycznym
    Od: "Rage" <l...@t...pl>

    Witam,
    przez moją działkę przechodzi linia wysokiego napięcia. Na działce
    mam jeden słup należący do elektrowni. Zakład energetyczny (ZEWT
    SA) przysłał ludzi, którzy wdarli się na działkę i nacięli
    gałęzi drzew, które chyba mogły przeszkadzać idącym ponad
    posesjami kablom. Nie było mnie w domu ale jestem pewien, że to oni,
    ponieważ jakieś 2 lata temu już tak zrobili. Problem w tym, że
    zostawili ścięte gałęzie na mojej działce a przy okazji zniszczyli
    fragment ogrodzenia. Fakt, że siatka jest stara i łatwo się
    pogięła pod naciskiem facetów z piłami, ale to chyba nie ma
    znaczenia. Zostawili syf i zniszczone ogrodzenie.
    Zadzwoniłem do ZETW SA. Jakiś człowiek spierał się ze mną, że to
    wszystko go mało interesuje. Dał mi numer telefonu do innego faceta,
    do którego mam zadzwonić w poniedziałek (bo jest sobota więc nie
    pracują).
    Poradźcie, co mam zrobić? Jak ich zmusić aby przyjechali, zabrali
    gałęzie i naprawili siatkę? Przeraża mnie to, że banda z
    elektrowni wchodzi sobie na prywatny teren pod nieobecność
    właściciela, robi demolkę i nawet się nie przyznaje. Mam iść na
    policję, do prokuratury, do sądu?

    A tak przy okazji, jak ich zmusić aby zabrali słup z mojej posesji?
    Kiedyś z sąsiadami pisaliśmy petycje, skargi itd. Nic nie pomogły.
    Elektrownia wymigiwała się, tłumacząc, że to trudne, że my,
    sąsiedzi mamy sami zrobić (dać kasę) mapy itp.

    Pozdrawiam.


  • 2. Data: 2006-12-09 14:49:47
    Temat: Re: Problem z zakładem energetycznym
    Od: Mecenas <m...@o...pl>

    Rage napisał(a):
    > Witam,
    > przez moją działkę przechodzi linia wysokiego napięcia. Na działce
    > mam jeden słup należący do elektrowni. Zakład energetyczny (ZEWT
    > SA) przysłał ludzi, którzy wdarli się na działkę i nacięli
    > gałęzi drzew, które chyba mogły przeszkadzać idącym ponad
    > posesjami kablom. Nie było mnie w domu ale jestem pewien, że to oni,
    > ponieważ jakieś 2 lata temu już tak zrobili. Problem w tym, że
    > zostawili ścięte gałęzie na mojej działce a przy okazji zniszczyli
    > fragment ogrodzenia. Fakt, że siatka jest stara i łatwo się
    > pogięła pod naciskiem facetów z piłami, ale to chyba nie ma
    > znaczenia. Zostawili syf i zniszczone ogrodzenie.
    > Zadzwoniłem do ZETW SA. Jakiś człowiek spierał się ze mną, że to
    > wszystko go mało interesuje. Dał mi numer telefonu do innego faceta,
    > do którego mam zadzwonić w poniedziałek (bo jest sobota więc nie
    > pracują).
    > Poradźcie, co mam zrobić? Jak ich zmusić aby przyjechali, zabrali
    > gałęzie i naprawili siatkę? Przeraża mnie to, że banda z
    > elektrowni wchodzi sobie na prywatny teren pod nieobecność
    > właściciela, robi demolkę i nawet się nie przyznaje. Mam iść na
    > policję, do prokuratury, do sądu?
    >
    > A tak przy okazji, jak ich zmusić aby zabrali słup z mojej posesji?
    > Kiedyś z sąsiadami pisaliśmy petycje, skargi itd. Nic nie pomogły.
    > Elektrownia wymigiwała się, tłumacząc, że to trudne, że my,
    > sąsiedzi mamy sami zrobić (dać kasę) mapy itp.
    >
    > Pozdrawiam.
    >
    Energetyka usunie słup i wszyscy w koło pozostaną bez prądu. Mroczna
    perspektywa.

    :(

    Michał


  • 3. Data: 2006-12-09 15:11:20
    Temat: Re: Problem z zakładem energetycznym
    Od: "Anna Korycka" <m...@c...pl>

    Może to będzie pomocne !


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    end


  • 4. Data: 2006-12-09 17:10:28
    Temat: Re: Problem z zakładem energetycznym
    Od: "Anna Korycka" <m...@c...pl>

    Paweł Puch

    Rury i słupy na działce

    do góry

    Źródło: "Krakowski Rynek Niruchomości" nr 9/2006

    2006.05.05



    Setki tysięcy urządzeń energetycznych, wodociągowych i gazowych wciąż
    znajduje się na gruntach prywatnych właścicieli bez żadnego tytułu prawnego,
    czytaj: nielegalnie. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że jest to jedna z pozostałości
    poprzedniej epoki, kiedy własność prywatna była pojęciem mało istotnym.
    Jednak mimo zmian ustrojowych niewiele zmieniło się w tej sprawie, w
    niewielkim stopniu zmieniła się też świadomość osób zarządzających
    przedsiębiorstwami przesyłowymi. Mimo zasadności wielu żądań właściciele
    nieruchomości są ignorowani przez przedsiębiorstwa przesyłowe i dopiero
    postępowania sądowe wymuszają na przedsiębiorstwach konkretne zachowania
    zgodne z prawem. Przedsiębiorstwa przesyłowe wolą bowiem nadal za darmo
    korzystać ze swoich instalacji i urządzeń położonych na cudzych
    nieruchomościach, utrudniać dochodzenie właścicielom słusznych roszczeń i
    liczyć, że z powodu małej świadomości prawnej obywateli nie będą zmuszone
    dzielić się z nimi swoimi zyskami.

    Stan faktyczny i prawny

    Zanim jako właściciele zaczniemy występować z konkretnymi roszczeniami,
    należy przyswoić sobie pewien - wynikający z historii i przepisów prawa -
    zakres wiadomości dotyczących tej tematyki. Należy pamiętać, że w
    przeszłości na budowę każdej tego typu inwestycji musiało być wydane
    pozwolenie na budowę, a po zakończeniu budowy sieć była uruchamiana wraz z
    urządzeniami, co oznaczało ich użytkowanie. Problem w tym, że do 1974 roku
    dysponent mediów nie musiał mieć prawa do dysponowania terenem (zgody
    właściciela na inwestycje), żeby uzyskać pozwolenie na budowę, bowiem nie
    przewidywało tego obowiązujące wówczas prawo budowlane. Dopiero od 1974
    roku, po wprowadzeniu nowego prawa budowlanego, żeby uzyskać pozwolenie na
    budowę trzeba było mieć prawo do dysponowania gruntem. W praktyce
    najczęstsze roszczenia dotyczą ulokowania przez przedsiębiorstwa
    energetyczne urządzeń właśnie w latach 50-70. ubiegłego wieku oraz
    przesunięcia lub usunięcia urządzeń energetycznych pochodzących z tego
    okresu. Należy pamiętać, że w tym okresie szczególnie nasilona była wielka
    akcja elektryfikacji, która odbywała się na podstawie przepisów ustawy z
    dnia 28 czerwca 1950 roku o powszechnej elektryfikacji wsi i osiedli. Często
    właściciele gruntów wyrażali zgodę dorozumianą bądź też inwestycje były
    prowadzone w ogóle bez pytania właściciela o zgodę. Szczególny tryb
    udostępnienia nieruchomości, zawarty w przepisach tej ustawy, obowiązywał aż
    do 5 grudnia 1997 roku. Zgodnie z nim przeprowadzenie powszechnej
    elektryfikacji zarządzał i ogłaszał terenowy organ administracji. Osobom
    upoważnionym służyło prawo wejścia na grunt i do budynków oraz wykonywania
    robót i zakładania urządzeń, jakich wymagała powszechna elektryfikacja.
    Właściciel lub zarządca nieruchomości był natomiast obowiązany umożliwić
    wstęp i wykonanie tych czynności.

    Podłoże konfliktu

    Konflikty między właścicielami gruntu a dostawcami mediów są spowodowane
    przede wszystkim uciążliwością tych mediów dla właścicieli nieruchomości.
    Niejednokrotnie urządzenia znajdujące się na gruncie są też źródłem
    pokaźnych strat dla właścicieli, gdyż ich umiejscowienie ogranicza
    możliwości korzystania z nieruchomości lub też wyłącza jej część z
    normalnego korzystania. Bywa też, że takie urządzenie powoduje, że działka
    traci jakąkolwiek możliwość zagospodarowania. Jednak właściciel gruntu nie
    może tych urządzeń samowolnie usunąć, nie może też w nie ingerować, choćby
    dlatego, że nie są one jego własnością. Zgodnie bowiem z art. 49 kodeksu
    cywilnego urządzenia służące do doprowadzania lub odprowadzania wody, pary,
    gazu, prądu elektrycznego oraz inne podobne urządzenia nie należą do części
    składowych gruntu lub budynku, jeżeli są własnością przedsiębiorstwa lub
    zakładu, a stają się nią z chwilą ich trwałego połączenia z siecią. Dotyczy
    to nie tylko urządzeń energetycznych, ale i wodociągów, kanalizacji,
    urządzeń telekomunikacyjnych itp.

    Zgoda lub brak zgody właściciela

    W przypadku roszczeń w stosunku do przedsiębiorstwa przesyłowego ważny jest
    fakt, czy właściciel lub jego poprzednik (były właściciel) wyraził zgodę na
    przeprowadzenie danej inwestycji. Szczególnie duże znaczenie mają tutaj dwa
    wyroki Sądu Najwyższego z ubiegłego roku. W pierwszym z nich, z dnia 28
    czerwca 2005 roku, Sąd Najwyższy stwierdził, że jeśli właściciel albo jego
    poprzednik prawny zgodził się na zainstalowanie na jego nieruchomości
    urządzeń do przesyłania mediów, nie może żądać ich usunięcia. Jest to z jego
    strony zobowiązanie trwałe. Sąd wyjaśnił, że w takim wypadku właściciele
    nieruchomości podlegają ograniczeniom w wykonywaniu swego prawa własności.
    Nie oznacza to jednak, że właściciele nie mogą zażądać od przedsiębiorstwa
    wynagrodzenia za korzystanie z ich własności (sygn. I CK 14/05). Z kolei w
    wyroku z dnia 9 sierpnia 2005 roku Sąd Najwyższy stwierdził, że jeżeli
    właściciel nieruchomości nie wyraził zgody na zainstalowanie urządzeń do
    przesyłania mediów na swojej nieruchomości, może żądać ich usunięcia.
    Roszczenia tego nie zmienia ani fakt posiadania przez inwestora pozwolenia
    na budowę urządzeń przesyłowych, ani fakt, że są one zgodne z planem
    zagospodarowania przestrzennego (sygn. IV CK 82/05). Brak zgody daje
    właścicielowi do dyspozycji największą możliwą paletę roszczeń w stosunku do
    przedsiębiorstwa, a przedsiębiorstwo powinno być najbardziej skłonne do
    ugody. Jednak zarówno ten właściciel, który zgodę wyraził, jak i ten, który
    tego nie zrobił, może ubiegać się o czynsz za bezumowne korzystanie z gruntu
    lub odszkodowanie za obniżenie wartości nieruchomości. Jeżeli urządzenia
    przesyłowe są więcej warte niż zajęta przez nie nieruchomość bądź
    uniemożliwiają właścicielowi korzystanie z niej w sposób dotychczasowy albo
    zgodny z dotychczasowym przeznaczeniem, można też żądać wykupu gruntu przez
    przedsiębiorstwo przesyłowe. Takie stanowisko potwierdził Sąd Najwyższy w
    precedensowym wyroku z dnia 16 lipca 2004 roku sygn. I CK 26/04. W
    przedmiotowej sprawie Sąd Najwyższy uznał, że nawet właściciel
    nieruchomości, nad którą przechodzi linia wysokiego napięcia nie mająca
    fizycznej styczności z samym gruntem, ale ograniczająca sposób korzystania i
    zmniejszająca wartość nieruchomości, może żądać od właściciela linii
    wykupienia gruntu. Wreszcie zawsze pozostaje do uregulowania problem dostępu
    do sieci i urządzeń przez pracowników przedsiębiorstwa. W zasadzie
    przedsiębiorstwo powinno za wstęp na teren płacić czynsz. Wybór roszczeń
    zależy jednak od konkretnych okoliczności. Jak widać, możliwości i dróg
    postępowania jest co najmniej kilka, dlatego zawsze warto porozumieć się z
    prawnikiem co do strategii postępowania w stosunku do przedsiębiorstwa
    przesyłowego. Należy też pamiętać, że należności za korzystanie przez zakład
    energetyczny z urządzeń zainstalowanych na cudzej nieruchomości należy
    dochodzić w drodze postępowania sądowego, a nie w drodze postępowania
    administracyjnego. Takiej wykładni dokonał Sąd Najwyższy w uchwale z dnia 10
    października 2005 roku, sygn. III CZP 80/05. Uchwała ta dotyczy wprawdzie
    ustawy o powszechnej elektryfikacji wsi i osiedli z dnia 28 czerwca 1950
    roku, która przestała obowiązywać 1 stycznia 1998 roku, ale - jak już
    pisałem wyżej - na jej podstawie założono większość istniejących słupów
    linii energetycznych, transformatorów i innych urządzeń znajdujących się na
    prywatnych gruntach. Ustawa ta pominęła jednak milczeniem kwestie
    dochodzenia wynagrodzenia przez właścicieli za korzystanie z ich gruntów i
    odszkodowania za ograniczenie w możliwości korzystania z nieruchomości.
    Należności te bez wątpienia przysługują właścicielom, a Sąd Najwyższy
    rozstrzygnął jedynie kwestię, że właściwą drogą do ich dochodzenia jest
    droga postępowania sądowego, a nie droga postępowania administracyjnego
    wskazana w ustawie o gospodarce nieruchomościami.

    Próba porozumienia

    W większości przypadków rozwiązywanie problemu należałoby zacząć od próby
    ugodowego (umownego) zalegalizowania korzystania z gruntu. Nie liczmy jednak
    na to, że z inicjatywą wystąpi przedsiębiorstwo przesyłowe i zaproponuje się
    nam określone pieniądze za słup, który stoi zaraz za naszym oknem.
    Przedsiębiorstwa raczej wolą utrzymanie istniejącego stanu rzeczy i bez
    wyraźnej konieczności same nie podejmą inicjatywy. Zatem inicjatywa - i to
    raczej przez cały czas, aż do załatwienia sprawy - musi być po stronie
    właściciela. Ponadto należy się spodziewać, że przedsiębiorstwo przyjmie
    pozycję obronną, próbując przeczekać i odwlec rozstrzygnięcie tej kwestii.
    Rozpoczynając sprawę, należałoby jednak najpierw skierować do
    przedsiębiorstwa pismo z konkretną propozycją zawarcia umowy zezwalającej na
    korzystanie z nieruchomości lub ustanowienia służebności gruntowej. Dojście
    do porozumienia, szczególnie co do wysokości czynszu, nie będzie jednak
    łatwe. Do zawarcia takiej umowy nie można przedsiębiorstwa zmusić, a z
    reguły przedsiębiorstwa nie kwapią się do jej zawarcia. Zapewne początkowa
    wymiana korespondencji nie przyniesie żadnego skutku i często będzie często
    jedynie wymianą poglądów. Przedsiębiorstwa przesyłowe wynajdują bowiem
    przeróżne powody, dla których korzystanie przez nie z danych instalacji lub
    urządzeń nie jest pozbawione tytułu prawnego. Należy jednak pamiętać, że w
    celu skłonienia przedsiębiorstwa do zawarcia umowy dysponujemy groźbą
    realizacji przed sądem roszczenia o wynagrodzenie za bezumowne korzystanie z
    nieruchomości za ubiegłe lata. Zatem realizacją tego roszczenia skutecznie
    możemy się wspierać w negocjacjach. Niestety bardzo często przedsiębiorstwa
    przesyłowe przedstawiają konkretne propozycje dopiero wtedy, gdy wniesiemy
    sprawę do sądu. Taktyka ta wynika z faktu, że przedsiębiorstwa liczą na małą
    świadomość prawną obywateli i niechęć do poświęcenia czasu i pieniędzy na
    postępowanie sądowe, które ma zmusić przedsiębiorstwo do przestrzegania
    prawa.

    Roszczenie o wynagrodzenie za bezumowne korzystanie z gruntu

    Roszczenie to jest jednym z wielu, jednak najczęściej wykorzystywanym przez
    właścicieli, warto zatem je bliżej przedstawić, zwłaszcza że kierując w tym
    zakresie sprawę do sądu, możemy zmusić przedsiębiorstwo do podjęcia kroków w
    celu ugodowego uregulowania sytuacji urządzeń na naszej działce. Podstawę
    prawną takiego roszczenia stanowi art. 224 § 1 kodeksu cywilnego, z którego
    wynika, że ten, kto korzysta z rzeczy bez tytułu prawnego i ma lub powinien
    mieć tego świadomość, musi się liczyć z obowiązkiem zapłaty wynagrodzenia za
    bezumowne korzystanie z rzeczy. Warto jednak pamiętać, iż roszczenie to
    można zgłosić tylko wtedy, gdy między stronami nie istnieje porozumienie w
    kwestii korzystania z nieruchomości. Warto więc sięgnąć pamięcią wstecz, a
    najlepiej odnaleźć dokumenty, które podpisywaliśmy. Jeżeli bowiem
    podpisaliśmy na przykład zgodę na nieodpłatne korzystanie, może to
    powodować, że nasze roszczenie będzie bezpodstawne. Wysokość należnego
    właścicielowi wynagrodzenia za bezumowne korzystanie z nieruchomości ustala
    się na poziomie czynszu, który by mu faktycznie przypadł z tytułu dzierżawy
    tej części gruntu. Zasadę tę potwierdził Sąd Najwyższy w wyroku z dnia
    15.09.2005 roku sygn. II CK 61/05. Należy jednak pamiętać, że roszczenie o
    wynagrodzenie za bezumowne korzystanie z rzeczy przedawnia się z upływem 10
    lat. Zatem w sytuacji, gdy urządzenia na naszym gruncie pojawiły się
    wcześniej, nie możemy już liczyć na wynagrodzenie za cały okres bezumownego
    korzystania z gruntu, lecz tylko za ostatnie 10 lat. Za taki okres należy
    też kierować swoje roszczenie. Z kolei w przypadku budynku stacji trafo
    znajdującego się na naszej nieruchomości nie powinniśmy kierować do
    przedsiębiorstwa energetycznego roszczenia o wynagrodzenie za bezumowne
    korzystanie z budynku, lecz o wynagrodzenie za bezumowne korzystanie z
    gruntu, na którym ten budynek się znajduje. W innym wypadku przedsiębiorstwo
    energetyczne powoła się na wyrok Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 18 czerwca 2004
    roku, sygn. akt II CK 259/03, który stwierdza, że stacja trafo składająca
    się z instalacji energetycznych oraz z budynku, bez którego urządzenia te
    nie mogłyby prawidłowo funkcjonować, jest urządzeniem służącym do
    doprowadzania prądu w rozumieniu art. 49 kodeksu cywilnego i wchodzi w skład
    przedsiębiorstwa energetycznego, w związku z czym właściciel gruntu nie może
    żądać od przedsiębiorstwa zapłaty za korzystanie z tego budynku (budynek
    jest własnością przedsiębiorstwa).

    Autor jest prawnikiem specjalizującym się w nieruchomościach



  • 5. Data: 2006-12-10 12:25:08
    Temat: Re: Problem z zakładem energetycznym
    Od: "*piotr'ek*" <piotr*eknusun@gazetaskasuj.pl>

    A tak przy okazji, jak ich zmusić aby zabrali słup z mojej posesji?
    Kiedyś z sąsiadami pisaliśmy petycje, skargi itd. Nic nie pomogły.
    Elektrownia wymigiwała się, tłumacząc, że to trudne, że my,
    sąsiedzi mamy sami zrobić (dać kasę) mapy itp.

    Usuwasz/naprawiasz na własny koszt, a fakturę za usługę wysyłasz do Zakładu
    Energetycznego. Jeśli nie zwrócą Ci kosztów w ciągu 14 dni to odliczasz od
    rachunku za prąd :-)

    +inż.leva+


  • 6. Data: 2006-12-10 19:57:57
    Temat: Re: Problem z zakładem energetycznym
    Od: KrzysiekPP <j...@N...ceti.pl>

    > Energetycznego. Je?li nie zwróc? Ci kosztów w ci?gu 14 dni to odliczasz od
    > rachunku za pr?d :-)

    Wystawienie rachunku czy wezwanie do zapłaty nie jest wartosciowym
    faktem do rekompensacji długu ... warto miec do tego wyrok sądu.

    --
    Krzysiek, Krakow, http://kszysiek.xt.pl/

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